The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

A frequent problem in fault calculations is the obtaining of equipment parameters.  While it is always preferable to use the actual parameters of the equipment...

Electromechanical relays have been the traditional backbone of electrical protection systems.  While over recent years these have been replaced by microprocessor...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

A lot of our members work in countries where PPE (personal protective equipment) is regulated or they work for companies/organizations which take employee...

Within Europe the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) has standardised the both the designation and colour of cables.   ...

This article gives an introduction to IEEE 485 method for the selection and calculation of battery capacity.

Anyone specifying or using electric motors should have a basic understanding how the insulation is related to temperature. Three classes of insulation...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

In an earlier note on the site [Photovoltaic (PV) - Electrical Calculations], the theory of solar (PV) cell calculations was introduced.  In particular...