One of the requirements to ensuring that everything works is to have equipment selected, manufactured and verified [tested] to IEC standards. Not all equipment...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...

A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...

Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy.  Every year more and more PV systems are installed...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

I was digging in my bookshelf and came across the 80th Anniversary Association of Mine Resident Engineers, Papers and Discussions Commemorative Edition...

Most installations involve some form of lightning protection system which is connected to an earth electrode.  The function of the earth electrode is to...

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

A battery consists of one or more cells, each of which use stored chemical energy to produce electrical energy, There are many types of cells and these...

Cable insulation is used to provide electrical separation between conductors of  a cable.  During the historical development of cables, numerous types...